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As the crypto ecosystem splinters across dozens of blockchains (Ethereum, Solana, Avalanche, etc.), “bridges” are used to move assets between them. These bridges are critical infrastructure but a massive security liability.

• Risk: Bridge Exploits and Loss of Interoperability. Cross-chain bridges often require users to lock up an asset on Chain A and receive a wrapped token on Chain B.

  • Vulnerability: Flaws in the bridge’s smart contracts or the network of validators securing the bridge can allow attackers to steal the assets locked up on Chain A.

  • Impact: Bridge hacks are consistently among the largest crypto losses by dollar amount (e.g., hundreds of millions of dollars in a single event), creating a systemic risk that can destabilize entire ecosystems connected by the failed bridge.